Understanding Disciplines and Subjects
B.ed 1st semester
Previous paper 2021-22
Solved Question Paper
Section - A
Each question carries 5 marks.
Translate
Answer :
Scientific knowledge refers to a body of knowledge that has been acquired through scientific research and experimentation. It is based on the principles of the scientific method, which involves the formulation of hypotheses, testing of hypotheses through experiments, and the analysis of results to draw conclusions.
Scientific knowledge is characterized by its objective, systematic, and evidence-based approach to understanding the natural world. It is subject to continuous testing, revision, and refinement as new evidence and data becomes available.
Scientific knowledge is based on empirical evidence, which is information that is gathered through observation and experimentation. This evidence is rigorously tested to ensure its reliability and validity, and is subject to peer review by other scientists in the field.
Scientific knowledge is used in a wide range of disciplines, from biology and physics to psychology and economics. It is an important tool for understanding the world around us, and for making informed decisions in areas such as health, technology, and the environment.
Overall, scientific knowledge is a rigorous and systematic way of acquiring and evaluating information about the natural world. It is based on evidence and subject to ongoing refinement and improvement, and is an essential component of modern society.
Answer :
Disciplinary knowledge refers to the specialized knowledge and skills that are unique to a particular academic discipline, such as mathematics, history, or biology. Disciplinary knowledge is important for several reasons:
Deep understanding: Disciplinary knowledge allows individuals to develop a deep understanding of a particular subject. This enables them to explore complex concepts and ideas within the discipline, and to develop a comprehensive and nuanced understanding of the subject.
Problem solving: Disciplinary knowledge is essential for problem solving within a particular field. It enables individuals to apply their knowledge to real-world problems and to develop solutions that are effective and appropriate.
Innovation: Disciplinary knowledge is also important for driving innovation within a particular field. By developing a deep understanding of the underlying principles and concepts within a discipline, individuals are better equipped to develop new ideas and approaches to address challenges and problems within the field.
Communication: Disciplinary knowledge is also important for effective communication within a particular field. It enables individuals to use specialized language, terminology, and concepts to effectively communicate with other experts in the field, and to share their ideas and insights with a broader audience.
Overall, disciplinary knowledge is essential for understanding complex subjects, solving problems, driving innovation, and effective communication within a particular field. It plays a critical role in advancing knowledge and understanding in a particular discipline, and in developing effective solutions to real-world problems.
Answer :
The curriculum refers to the overall scope of learning experiences that a school or educational institution provides to its students. It includes the content, learning objectives, instructional strategies, and assessments that are used to guide and support student learning.
The curriculum is designed to ensure that students receive a comprehensive and cohesive education that is aligned with the goals and objectives of the school or educational institution. The curriculum may be developed at the local, state, or national level, and may be guided by educational standards or frameworks.
The curriculum includes all of the subject areas that are taught in the school, including math, science, social studies, language arts, and physical education. It may also include additional areas such as music, art, foreign languages, or technology.
The curriculum is typically organized into grade-level or age-level groups, and is designed to be developmentally appropriate for the students. It may be structured in a variety of ways, including through the use of textbooks, online resources, and other instructional materials.
The curriculum is a dynamic and evolving concept that is constantly changing to reflect new research and advances in teaching and learning. It may be revised or updated on a regular basis to ensure that it remains relevant and effective.
Overall, the curriculum plays a crucial role in guiding and supporting student learning. It provides a framework for teachers to plan and deliver effective instruction, and helps ensure that students receive a high-quality and comprehensive education that prepares them for success in life.
Answer :
In the context of education, the term "discipline" can refer to a specific academic subject or field of study, such as history, mathematics, or biology. The format of discipline refers to the different ways in which knowledge and information are organized and presented within a particular field. Here are some of the key formats of discipline:
Conceptual frameworks: Many disciplines use conceptual frameworks to organize and present knowledge. These frameworks may include theories, models, or other abstract concepts that help to explain the key principles and ideas within the discipline.
Classification systems: Some disciplines use classification systems to organize and categorize knowledge. This might involve grouping related concepts or ideas into specific categories or taxonomies, and creating a hierarchical structure that enables individuals to navigate and understand the subject more effectively.
Standards and guidelines: Many disciplines also have established standards and guidelines that are used to define best practices and ensure quality within the field. These may include ethical guidelines, research standards, or other criteria that are used to evaluate and assess work within the discipline.
Journals and publications: Journals and publications are also an important format of discipline. They provide a platform for experts in the field to share their research and ideas with others, and to contribute to the ongoing conversation and development of knowledge within the discipline.
Professional associations and organizations: Professional associations and organizations are also a key format of discipline. They provide a community for experts in the field to connect, collaborate, and share resources and information, and to work together to advance the knowledge and understanding within the discipline.
Overall, the formats of discipline are diverse and varied, and can include conceptual frameworks, classification systems, standards and guidelines, journals and publications, and professional associations and organizations. These formats help to organize and present knowledge within a particular field, and play a critical role in advancing understanding and knowledge within the discipline.
Answer :
The scientific bases of curriculum construction refer to the use of research-based principles and practices to design, develop, and implement effective curriculum. The process of developing a curriculum involves a number of scientific approaches that aim to ensure that the curriculum is based on empirical evidence and sound educational practices.
One of the key scientific bases of curriculum construction is the use of educational research. Educational research provides evidence-based knowledge and insights into how students learn and what teaching strategies are most effective. This research can be used to inform the selection of content, the design of learning objectives, the choice of instructional strategies, and the development of assessment tools.
Another scientific basis of curriculum construction is the use of learning theories. Learning theories provide a framework for understanding how students learn, and help inform the development of instructional strategies that are most effective. Examples of learning theories include cognitive, behavioral, and constructivist theories.
In addition, the use of assessment and evaluation is also a scientific basis of curriculum construction. Assessment and evaluation tools can be used to monitor and measure student learning, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the curriculum. This information can be used to make modifications to the curriculum to better meet the needs of the students.
Technology is also a key scientific basis of curriculum construction. Technology can be used to enhance student learning by providing access to a wide range of multimedia resources, simulations, and interactive tools. It can also be used to provide personalized learning experiences that are tailored to the needs and abilities of individual students.
Overall, the scientific bases of curriculum construction provide a foundation for the development of effective and evidence-based curriculum. By using research-based principles and practices, educators can create a curriculum that is engaging, effective, and relevant to the needs and goals of the students.
Answer :
The selection of content is a crucial aspect of curriculum development, and involves choosing what topics, concepts, and skills to include in a particular course or program. There are several basic bases of content selection, including:
Relevance: One of the most important bases of content selection is relevance. This involves selecting content that is relevant and meaningful to the learners, and that is aligned with their needs, interests, and experiences. Relevant content is more likely to engage learners and help them to see the value and importance of the subject matter.
Significance: Another important basis of content selection is significance. This involves selecting content that is important and valuable in its own right, and that is relevant to the broader goals and objectives of the curriculum. Significant content is more likely to be seen as important and worthwhile by both learners and educators, and can help to provide a sense of purpose and direction for the curriculum.
Validity: Validity is also an important basis of content selection, and involves selecting content that is accurate, reliable, and credible. Valid content is based on sound research and evidence, and is less likely to be based on personal biases or misinformation.
Feasibility: Feasibility is also a consideration in content selection. This involves selecting content that is feasible and realistic given the time, resources, and other constraints of the curriculum. Feasible content is more likely to be effective and sustainable over time, and is less likely to lead to frustration or burnout among educators and learners.
Curriculum standards and goals: Finally, content selection should be guided by curriculum standards and goals. These are established guidelines that provide a framework for what should be taught and learned within a particular subject or field. By aligning content selection with curriculum standards and goals, educators can ensure that their curriculum is focused and effective, and that learners are meeting established benchmarks and expectations.
Overall, the basic bases of content selection involve selecting relevant, significant, valid, feasible, and curriculum-aligned content that is effective in meeting the needs and goals of the learners and the broader curriculum.
Answer :
The National Curriculum Framework (NCF) 2005 is a policy document that guides the development of curriculum and pedagogy in schools in India. It was developed by the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) in consultation with a wide range of stakeholders, including teachers, educationists, and policy makers. The following are the main points of NCF 2005:
Holistic approach: The framework emphasizes a holistic approach to education, which includes the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains. It aims to promote the development of multiple intelligences and the integration of knowledge across different subjects.
Student-centered learning: The framework emphasizes a student-centered approach to learning, where students are active participants in their own learning and are encouraged to construct their own knowledge through inquiry and discovery.
Social and cultural context: The framework recognizes the importance of social and cultural context in education, and encourages the use of local knowledge and resources in the development of curriculum and pedagogy.
Inclusive education: The framework promotes the inclusion of all students, including those with special needs and from marginalized communities. It recognizes the need to provide a flexible and differentiated curriculum that caters to the diverse needs and interests of all students.
Assessment: The framework emphasizes the need for continuous and comprehensive assessment that is integrated with teaching and learning. It recommends a shift from rote learning to the development of higher order thinking skills, such as analysis, synthesis, and evaluation.
Use of technology: The framework recognizes the potential of technology to enhance teaching and learning, and encourages the use of technology in education. It emphasizes the need to integrate technology in the development of curriculum and pedagogy, as well as in assessment and evaluation.
Professional development: The framework recognizes the importance of continuous professional development for teachers, and recommends the provision of appropriate support and training to teachers to help them implement the framework effectively.
Overall, the NCF 2005 provides a broad vision for education that emphasizes a holistic, student-centered, and inclusive approach to learning. It emphasizes the use of local knowledge and resources, the development of higher order thinking skills, and the use of technology to enhance teaching and learning.
Section - B
Each question carries 15 marks.
Translate
Answer :
A textbook is a published educational material that provides comprehensive coverage of a particular subject or field of study. Textbooks are commonly used in educational institutions, such as schools, colleges, and universities, to support classroom instruction and to provide a reference for students.
There are several types and forms of textbooks, including:
Reference textbooks: Reference textbooks are comprehensive and detailed, and provide a thorough overview of a particular subject or field of study. They are often designed to be used as a reference for learners and educators, and may include key definitions, concepts, theories, and case studies.
Workbooks: Workbooks are textbooks that are designed to be used in a more interactive and hands-on manner. They may include exercises, questions, and other activities that allow learners to practice and apply what they have learned.
Anthologies: Anthologies are collections of readings, essays, and articles that are selected and compiled by educators or scholars. They are often used in literature, history, or other humanities courses, and may provide a range of perspectives on a particular topic or theme.
Online textbooks: Online textbooks are digital versions of traditional textbooks, and may include interactive features, multimedia content, and other online resources. They are often designed to be more flexible and accessible, and may be more cost-effective than print textbooks.
Open-source textbooks: Open-source textbooks are textbooks that are made available for free online. They are often created by educators or scholars, and may be edited and updated by a community of contributors. Open-source textbooks are often seen as a more affordable and accessible alternative to traditional textbooks.
Overall, the type and form of a textbook will depend on the subject, audience, and educational context. Textbooks can provide a valuable resource for learners and educators, and can play a key role in supporting teaching and learning in educational institutions.
Answer :
Discipline is a concept that has emerged over time in response to various social contexts. The notion of discipline refers to the systematic approach to regulating and controlling human behavior, especially in the context of group or social settings.
The origins of discipline can be traced back to the earliest forms of human society, where people lived in small, close-knit groups and were subject to informal forms of social control. In these settings, social norms and values were transmitted through oral traditions and customs, and non-conformity was often met with ostracism or even physical punishment.
As societies became more complex and hierarchies emerged, formal systems of discipline were developed to maintain social order and control. The emergence of formal education in ancient civilizations like Egypt, Greece, and China played a key role in this process. Schools were established to teach young people how to behave in a manner that was considered appropriate for their social position and class, and punishment was used to maintain order and discipline.
During the medieval period, religious institutions like monasteries also played a key role in the development of discipline. Monks and nuns were expected to adhere to strict rules and routines, and were often subject to corporal punishment if they disobeyed. This approach to discipline was also reflected in the penal system, which relied heavily on public punishments like public floggings, beheadings, and other forms of corporal punishment to maintain order and discipline.
In the modern era, discipline has taken on a more complex and nuanced form. It is no longer seen as solely a matter of controlling human behavior through punishment, but rather as a way of fostering self-control, responsibility, and self-regulation. Modern approaches to discipline emphasize positive reinforcement and the use of consequences that are logically connected to the misbehavior.
Today, discipline is often seen as a critical component of socialization, particularly in the context of education. It is viewed as a way of fostering responsible behavior, promoting social cohesion, and maintaining order and stability in society. However, the methods of discipline used can vary widely depending on cultural norms, social context, and the specific situation.
Answer :
The statement "knowledge is another name for practical attainment and success" is an oversimplification of the nature and scope of knowledge. While it is true that knowledge can be a key factor in achieving practical goals and success in various fields, knowledge is not solely defined by practical attainment and success.
Knowledge refers to a broader understanding of the world, including information, concepts, theories, and ideas that can be applied across a wide range of contexts. It encompasses not just practical skills and techniques, but also the ability to analyze, synthesize, and evaluate information, to make connections between different fields and disciplines, and to think critically and creatively.
Furthermore, knowledge is not just about individual success, but also about the advancement of society as a whole. The pursuit and dissemination of knowledge is essential for scientific, technological, and cultural progress, and is an important driver of social and economic development.
While practical attainment and success can be an important outcome of knowledge, it is not the only or even the most important measure of knowledge. Rather, knowledge is a complex and multifaceted concept that encompasses a range of skills, abilities, and perspectives, and that is essential for personal growth, intellectual development, and the advancement of society as a whole.
Also checkout this subjects previous question paper in B.ed 1st semester
Choose your Subject
B.Ed syllabus
Please subscribe our youtube channel
Share with friends
FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)
Q - Why you choose our website?
We are providing systematic pattern of previous question papers on the bases of year and semester examination. On this website, you will find all previous year questions paper of hemvati nandan bahuguna garhwal university (HNBGU) which can be very helpful to students who are preparing for their exams. These previous year questions paper will help you to understand the pattern of exam and your will able to crack your examination with ease and confidence. If you practice these previous year questions paper regularly. So here I am going to share all previous year question papers of HNBGU. So please check out below links at the end of this page and start practicing on these previous year question papers in order to crack your upcoming exams easily.
Q - What is hnbgu learn?
Hnbgu learn is a professional platform. where we provide informative content like all courses questions paper free. We hope you like all the contents provided by us. If you have additional questions or require more information about our website, do not hesitate to Contact through email at help@hnbgulearn.in.
Q - What will we find in this website?
On this website, you will find all syllabus , university latest news, previous year questions paper of hemvati nandan bahuguna garhwal university (HNBGU). which can be very helpful to students who are preparing for their exams. on this site you will find so many previous year question paper of different field of subject it is divided into BA, Bcom,Bsc, MA, Mcom, MSC, etc of every subject. In this site syllabus is also available easily.
Q - Is this official site?
No this is not a hemvati nandan bahuguna garhwal university (HNBGU) official site. This is unofficial site. This website is made for the purpose of helping. official website is hnbgu.ac.in
Q - How will you benefit from this website??
On this site give confident to solve previous year paper, syllabus is easily available, Boost to improve your performance while studying in exam. We want viewers to enhance their skills with the help of our contents. We will continue to provide helpful content to you like this.
Q - Will the internal paper also be available in this website?
No, the internal paper is not available at this time but we will definitely be made available in future. Why internal paper not available? The internal paper of all the colleges is prepared by their department, so the internal paper of all the colleges is different, so providing the internal paper is a challenging task in itself. But i promise we will definitely be made available in future.Â
Q - Will the previous paper of any other university other than Hngbu be available on this website?
No because hemvati nandan bahuguna garhwal university (HNBGU) is a part of HNBGU board only uttrakhand government college. Who is part of HNBGU board paper will be available. No outdoor paper is available. For example in domino pizza we will no find KFC chicken simple.
If you have any other question or query regarding our website, Please don’t hesitate to contact us.
Thank You, Good luck!